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----  英语中主动表被动现象  (http://bbs.xml.org.cn/dispbbs.asp?boardid=39&rootid=&id=76426)

--  作者：hjx_221
--  发布时间：8/19/2009 8:56:00 AM

--  英语中主动表被动现象
英语中主动表被动现象

一、主动形式表被动的含义:
1、 Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve (应得，值得), be worth (值得），not bear (经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading.    这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.
                                 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).   你的头发该剪了。
2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。
I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。
（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）
Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。
            （与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系）
He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。
            （与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）
3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如 difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等，不定式用主动表被动。
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。
I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。
That makes poetry difficult to write那就使得诗很难写。
4、在be to do sth结构中, 这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:
Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责?
You are to blame for the accident.     你应为这事受动责备。
The house is to let.   此房出租。
A lot remains to do.  还剩下许多事情要做。

--  作者：hjx_221
--  发布时间：8/19/2009 8:57:00 AM

--  
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。
6、一些与can’t (不能) 或won’t (不会) 连用的动词。常用的有: lock (锁住), shut (关上) , open (打开), act (上演), write (写)，cut (砍，切)，wear (穿，戴)等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。
例如: The door  won’t open.   这门打不开。
It can''t move.    它不能动。
7、一些动词如sell (销售) , wash (洗), clean (打扫), burn (燃烧), cook (煮)等与副词如well (好), easily (容易地), perfectly (十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:
The book sells well.这种书很畅销。
These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。
The pen writes well.     这笔很好写。
8、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。
There is nothing doing these days.    这些天没事干。
I see there’s a good idea planning.   我知道又在打好主意。

Exercises: choose the best choice.
1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth ___C__.
A. to be seen   B. being seen   C. seeing   D. to see
2. The food __A___ easily and sells _____.
A. cooks ; well     B. is cooking; good    C. is cooked; well     D. cooked; good
3. The windows of the building can’t __B___.,
A. be closed   B. close    C. be closing     D. closed

二、主动形式表被动含义：　

一)、不及物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动，因此在be + p.p. 的句型中看似被动实际是主动。
例如：
      be gone
The days are gone when China was both poor and backward.
二）、很多时候过去分词都变成了形容词, 因此也是看似被动实际表主动, 尤其是后边加介词更为多见。
例如：     be interested (in…)
类似的动词有：be surprised, be excited, be pleased, be satisfied, be disappointed, be shocked, be moved, be amazed, be frightened, be delighted, be ashamed 等。
三）、某些特殊动词：
be seated  = sit down, take one’s seat  就座
Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们、 先生们, 请就座.  
The woman seated by the window is his mother.
= The woman sitting by the window is his mother.
这样的动词本来就是及物动词，而且后面可跟反身代词做宾语．
She seated herself on the sofa.
2. be prepared (for…)  = prepare (for…); be ready (for…)　　）（为…)准备好
She was prepared for anything to happen. 她已准备好应付一切.
Well-prepared for the exam, all the students took it confidently.
3. be worried (about … ) = worry (about…) 对…担心
She was worried about her missing son.
= She worried herself about her missing son.
4. be dressed (in…) = wear…  穿着…
She is dressed in red today.
Hurry up and get dressed! 快点穿上衣服!
5. be concerned (about/ with… ) = care about…/ be relevant to…/ be about…  关心…; 与…有关联
We are all concerned about his health.  
We're all concerned for her safety.

--  作者：hjx_221
--  发布时间：8/19/2009 8:58:00 AM

--  
This book is concerned with the adolescent crime.
5. be supposed (to…)  = should   应该
Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?
= Should I clean all the rooms or just this one?
6. be devoted to =be loving or loyal 热爱的; 忠实的
She is devoted to her children.     她深爱她的孩子.
Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.        她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。
7. be addicted (to…)  = be strongly interested (in…)对…上瘾
He was addicted to smoking.
8. be used (to…) 　习惯于…
After three weeks she had got used to the extreme heat.  
9. be accustomed (to…) =be used (to…) 习惯（于….)
I soon got accustomed to his strange ways.
           我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法.
Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs:
1.________( dress) in white, he looks like a doctor.   Dressed
2. After _______ (stay) here for 1 year, he ________________ (accustom) to the hot weather.
staying        is accustomed
3. You _____________ (suppose) to arrive here before 8 o’clock.  are supposed
4. You can pass the exam as long as you ________________ (prepare, well) for it.
are well-prepared
5. After all the people ____________ (seat), the chairman announced the start of the meeting.
were seated
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